Journal Information
Vol. 110. Issue 3.
Pages 253-255 (April 2019)
Vol. 110. Issue 3.
Pages 253-255 (April 2019)
Case and Research Letters
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Coexistence of Tumid Lupus Erythematosus and Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Coexistencia de lupus eritematoso túmido y lupus eritematoso discoide
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I. Abadías-Granadoa,
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isabel.abadiasg@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, J. Sánchez-Bernala, F. Felipo-Berlangab, M. Ara-Martína
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
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In 1909 the term lupus erythematosus tumidus was coined by Hoffmann,1 and in 1930 Gougerot and Burnier2 described the cases of 5 patients with similar clinical pictures consisting of nonscarring, erythematous, indurated facial lesions without surface changes. This condition, also known as tumid lupus erythematosus (TLE), has been largely overlooked in the literature, but has been recently characterized as a subtype of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) with peculiar clinical, photobiological, histological, and prognostic features.

A 70-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and Hashimoto thyroiditis was seen for asymptomatic skin lesions on the face that had appeared during the summer 5 months earlier and were not associated with any systemic clinical signs. The appearance of the facial lesions coincided with worsening of pre-existing lesions on the scalp and associated hair loss.

Physical examination revealed the presence of erythematous, edematous, infiltrated, nondesquamative plaques on the face, cervical region, and upper chest (Fig. 1A), as well as erythematous, desquamative, alopecic plaques on the parietal and right retroauricular areas of the scalp (Fig. 1B).

Figure 1.

A, Succulent, erythematous-violaceous facial plaques, without surface changes. B, Brownish, desquamative, alopecic erythematous plaque located in the retroauricular area of the scalp.

(0.43MB).

Results of previous laboratory tests performed in another center revealed that the patient was positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (1:320) and negative for anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies. All other parameters were within the normal range. The results of a biopsy were consistent with lymphocytoma cutis. Given the suspicion of a lymphoproliferative process induced in response to CLE, new biopsies and laboratory tests were performed. The results revealed a decrease in ANA levels to 1:80. The pathological report of the facial lesion described discrete epidermal atrophy and a perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrate, with no signs of interface dermatitis and abundant mucin deposition in the dermis (Fig. 2). The results of the scalp biopsy were compatible with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) (Fig. 3).

Figure 2.

Facial skin biopsy showing discrete epidermal atrophy with moderate perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrate and abundant deposition of mucin in the dermis. A, Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification×10. B, Alcian blue, original magnification×4.

(0.65MB).
Figure 3.

Scalp biopsy showing perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic dermatitis with epidermal atrophy, parakeratosis, and the presence of horny plugs in the follicular ostia (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification×20).

(0.14MB).

Based on these results the patient was diagnosed with CLE with concomitant DLE and TLE. The patient began treatment with photoprotection, 0.05% clobetasol propionate, and hydroxychloroquine at an initial dose of 400 mg/24 h followed by subsequent maintenance therapy at 200 mg/24 h, resulting in progressive clinical improvement.

The mean age of TLE patients is 36.4 to 38.5 years, and women and men appear to be affected equally.3,4 Clinically, TLE is characterized by the appearance in sun-exposed areas of erythematous, succulent, urticariform, nondesquamative plaques that heal without scarring or hypopigmentation. Other characteristic features are a higher frequency of photosensitivity, as determined by phototesting, and a lower percentage positivity for anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), anti-Ro (Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A), and anti-La (Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen B) antibodies than described for other CLE subtypes.3,4 Associated systemic disease in these patients appears to be very rare, albeit possible.4,5 Histology reveals perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrate and abundant deposition of interstitial mucin in the dermis. Compared with other CLE subtypes, the epidermis shows only mild alterations (or is intact), and basal vacuolization, hyperkeratosis, epidermal atrophy, and follicular plugging are less marked.6 Treatment with systemic antimalarials is effective in approximately 90% of patients, as compared with 50% of DLE patients.3 In addition to other CLE subtypes, the differential diagnosis should include polymorphic light eruption, Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate, reticular erythematous mucinosis, and pseudolymphoma,3 all of which have clinical and microscopic characteristics that resemble those of TLE. Consensus is lacking regarding several aspects of TLE, including its differential diagnosis, classification, and microscopic characteristics. Because several of its features are distinct from those of other forms of lupus, some authors question the origin of TLE, and consider it a photodermatosis outside the CLE spectrum.7,8 However, we believe that classification of TLE as a true lupus subtype is justified based on the evidence published to date, in particular the coexistence of TLE and DLE lesions in certain patients,3–5,9,10 as in the present case. Our description of a case of coexisting TLE and DLE adds to the small number of such cases reported in the literature, and should help resolve some of the controversy surrounding TLE, facilitating earlier diagnosis of this entity and better management of affected patients.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1]
E. Hoffmann.
Demonstrationen: Lupus erythematodes tumidus.
Derm Zeitschr, 16 (1909), pp. 159-160
[2]
H. Gougerot, R. Burnier.
Lupus érythémateux ‘tumidus’.
Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr, 37 (1930), pp. 1291-1292
[3]
A. Kuhn, D. Richter-Hintz, C. Oslislo, T. Ruzicka, M. Megahed, P. Lehmann.
Lupus erythematosus tumidus – a neglected subset of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: Report of 40 cases.
Arch Dermatol, 136 (2000), pp. 1033-1041
[4]
V. Schmitt, A.M. Meuth, S. Amler, E. Kuehn, M. Haust, G. Messer, et al.
Lupus erythematosus tumidus is a separate subtype of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Br J Dermatol, 162 (2010), pp. 64-73
[5]
J. Stead, C. Headley, M. Ioffreda, C. Kovarik, V. Werth.
Coexistence of tumid lupus erythematosus with systemic lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus: A report of two cases of tumid lupus.
J Clin Rheum, 14 (2008), pp. 338-341
[6]
E. Cozzani, K. Christana, F. Rongioletti, A. Rebora, A. Parodi.
Lupus erythematosus tumidus: Clinical, histopathological and serological aspects and therapy response of 21 patients.
Eur J Dermatol, 20 (2010), pp. 797-801
[7]
J.P. Callen.
Clinically relevant information about cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Arch Dermatol, 145 (2009), pp. 316-318
[8]
C. Rodríguez-Caruncho, I. Bielsa.
Lupus erythematosus tumidus: A clinical entity still being defined.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 102 (2011), pp. 668-674
[9]
H. Ruiz, J.L. Sánchez.
Tumid lupus erythematosus.
Am J Dermatopathol, 21 (1999), pp. 356-360
[10]
S. Lehrhoff, J. Tzu, R. Patel, M. Sanchez, A.G.JJr. Franks.
Lupus erythematosus tumidus with discoid lupus erythematosus-induced alopecia of the scalp.
Dermatol Online J, 17 (2011), pp. 24

Please cite this article as: Abadías-Granado I, Sánchez-Bernal J, Felipo-Berlanga F, Ara-Martín M. Coexistencia de lupus eritematoso túmido y lupus eritematoso discoide. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:253–255.

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