Elsevier

Genomics

Volume 113, Issue 1, Part 2, January 2021, Pages 1221-1232
Genomics

Review
Genetics and genomics of SARS-CoV-2: A review of the literature with the special focus on genetic diversity and SARS-CoV-2 genome detection

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.059Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Although a large number of variants have been reported for SARS-CoV-2, at least there are 17 frequently reported mutations.

  • PCR-based and CRISPR/Cas-based approaches are the most reliable and sensitive tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2, respectively.

  • RNA-interference (RNAi) approaches are novel and probably effective options for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Abstract

The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, started in late 2019; in a short time, it has spread rapidly all over the world. Although some possible antiviral and anti-inflammatory medications are available, thousands of people are dying daily. Well-understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is not only essential for the development of new treatments/vaccines, but it also can be used for improving the sensitivity and specificity of current approaches for virus detection. Accordingly, we reviewed the most critical findings related to the genetics of the SARS-CoV-2, with a specific focus on genetic diversity and reported mutations, molecular-based diagnosis assays, using interfering RNA technology for the treatment of patients, and genetic-related vaccination strategies. Additionally, considering the unanswered questions or uncertainties in these regards, different topics were discussed.

Keywords

Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Genetics
Vaccine
Treatment
Molecular diagnosis

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