Proteoglycan form and function: A comprehensive nomenclature of proteoglycans

Highlights

• We propose a comprehensive classification of all proteoglycan gene families

• This nomenclature is based on location, genetic homology, and use of specific protein modules

• These three signatures were utilized to design four major classes of proteoglycans with distinct forms and functions

• The roles of these four proteoglycan families are critically assessed in development, and in genetic and acquired diseases

Abstract

We provide a comprehensive classification of the proteoglycan gene families and respective protein cores. This updated nomenclature is based on three criteria: Cellular and subcellular location, overall gene/protein homology, and the utilization of specific protein modules within their respective protein cores. These three signatures were utilized to design four major classes of proteoglycans with distinct forms and functions: the intracellular, cell-surface, pericellular and extracellular proteoglycans. The proposed nomenclature encompasses forty-three distinct proteoglycan-encoding genes and many alternatively-spliced variants. The biological functions of these four proteoglycan families are critically assessed in development, cancer and angiogenesis, and in various acquired and genetic diseases where their expression is aberrant.