Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
New therapies for atopic dermatitis: Additional treatment classes
Section snippets
AMP: omiganan
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short peptides within the innate immune system and are often potent antimicrobial agents. Although most AMPs have direct antimicrobial activity, others may modulate the host's innate immune system to promote pathogen clearance.9, 10 Patients with AD have decreased AMP production, resulting in microbial colonization, bacterial and viral infections, and possibly increased disease severity as measured via severity assessments (eg, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis
κ-Opioid agonists: asimadoline
Opioid receptors are hypothesized to be involved in cutaneous itch.39 It is believed that greater μ-opioid receptor activity compared with κ-opioid receptor activity results in pruritus.40 Preliminary data regarding the use of κ-opioid receptor agonists for pruritus indicate potential benefit. Nalfurafine, a κ-opioid receptor agonist, has been shown to significantly reduce refractory pruritus associated with end-stage renal disease,41, 42 and its use was approved for this indication in Japan in
IL 17A inhibitor: secukinumab
IL-17A, which is produced by T helper 17 cells, has been shown to be elevated in peripheral blood and lesions in patients with AD.76, 77, 78 IL-17A has also been found to stimulate T helper 2 responses in the acute phase of AD.79 However, the role of IL-17A in AD pathogenesis in unknown, although it might contribute to inflammatory responses in a subset of patients with AD.76 Secukinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against IL-17A that is currently US Food and Drug
Conclusion
As recent research and clinical trials have improved our understanding of AD pathogenesis, the landscape of AD pharmacotherapy is broadening and evolving at an unprecedented rate. A wide array of miscellaneous agents are in development for AD, including targeted topical, oral systemic, and biologic agents. Many of these agents hold great therapeutic promise, and continued research and development is necessary to continue to help shape AD pharmacotherapy.
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Epigallocatechin gallate/L-ascorbic acid–loaded poly-γ-glutamate microneedles with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
2021, Acta BiomaterialiaCitation Excerpt :Therefore, oxidative stress is considered a key factor in the pathogenesis of AD. The major treatment strategies for AD include skin barrier repair using emollients, anti-inflammatory therapy with topical calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids, phototherapy, systemic immunosuppressants, and biological therapy [2,18]. However, these AD treatments have limitations associated with efficacy, side effects, poor patient adherence, and safety concerns [2,19–20].
Personalized medicine in atopic dermatitis
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2023, Journal of Materials Chemistry BDihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid (20:3n-6)—Metabolism, Derivatives, and Potential Significance in Chronic Inflammation
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Publication of this article was supported by Leo Pharma, Bayer, and Sanofi/Regeneron.
Funding sources: Supported by Bayer, LEO Pharma, and Sanofi.
Disclosure: Dr Silverberg has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards and/or consulting for Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Kiniksa, Leo, Menlo, Pfizer, Realm-1, Regeneron-Sanofi, and Roivant; performed contracted research from GlaxoSmithKline; and participated in a speaker's bureau for Regeneron-Sanofi. Dr Vakharia disclosed no conflicts of interest.