Ultraviolet radiation and the skin: Photobiology and sunscreen photoprotection

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.038Get rights and content

The efficacy of sunscreens can be measured by different methods, involving in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo techniques. There is a need for a worldwide standardization of these methods to avoid misunderstanding and confusion among sunscreen users. The clinical benefits of sunscreens have been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials that established the role of sunscreens in the prevention of actinic keratoses, squamous cell carcinomas, nevi, and melanomas. Sunscreens also prevent photoimmunosuppression and signs of photoaging. Continued efforts in public education on the proper application of sunscreens and the practice of photoprotection in general are needed.

Key words

cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer
DNA photodamage
photoaging
photoimmunosuppression
pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone
skin cancer
sunscreen
ultraviolet radiation

Abbreviations used

AK
actinic keratosis
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
CPD
cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
ISO
International Standards Organization
KC
keratinocyte cancer
MED
minimal erythemal dose
MMP
matrix metalloproteinase
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
SED
standard erythemal dose
SPF
sun-protection factor
UV
ultraviolet
UVR
ultraviolet radiation

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Publication of this supplement is supported by Laboratoires Dermatologiques Avène.

Disclosure: Dr Young discloses research funding and honoraria from Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, and research funding from BASF and Walgreens Boots Alliance (manufacturers of sunscreen filters and sunscreen products, respectively). Dr Claveau discloses that he is a consultant and speaker for L'Oréal and a speaker for Bioderma Laboratoire Dermatologique, Johnson & Johnson, and Pierre-Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique. Dr Ana Beatris Rossi is a full-time employee of Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique.

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