Original articleCharacteristic purpura of the ears, vasculitis, and neutropenia–a potential public health epidemic associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine
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2019, Clinics in DermatologyCitation Excerpt :Levamisole, initially used as an antiparasitic and immunomodulatory drug, is a nicotinic antagonist that releases glutamate and potentiates the dopaminergic effect of cocaine.86 In 2011, it was estimated that approximately 70% of the cocaine in the United States was adulterated with levamisole.87 This is hypothesized to be due not only to its psychotropic properties, but also to its resemblance to cocaine, stability at high temperatures, undetectability on impurities tests, and short half-life.86
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Funding sources: None.
Conflicts of interest: None declared.
Two of the 6 patients were discussed in one of the referenced articles. None of the images of these patients was published.
Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.