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Vol. 101. Issue 5.
Pages 415-420 (June - July 2010)
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Vol. 101. Issue 5.
Pages 415-420 (June - July 2010)
Original article
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Safety of Azathioprine Therapy Adjusted to Thiopurine Methyltransferase Activity in the Treatment of Infantile Atopic Dermatitis. Report on 7 Cases
Seguridad de azatioprina según los niveles de tiopurina metiltransferasa en el tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica infantil. Experiencia en 7 casos
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R.M. Martel
Corresponding author
, P. Melwani, D. Islas, Y. Peñate, L. Borrego
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
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Abstract
Background

In a small number of cases of childhood atopic dermatitis, topical therapy is ineffective, necessitating prolonged use of systemic immunosuppressants. Over the last few years, a better understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in azathioprine breakdown has enabled us to use this drug more safely. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of azathioprine treatment adjusted to thiopurine methyltransferase activity in children with severe atopic dermatitis.

Material and methods

We performed a retrospective study of the side effects of azathioprine therapy adjusted to thiopurine methyltransferase activity in children aged under 14 years with atopic dermatitis who were treated in the dermatology department of Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria in Gran Canaria, Spain. Side effects were evaluated by analysis of leukocyte count and transaminase levels at baseline, after 1 month of treatment, and every 3 months thereafter.

Results

During the last 4 years, 7 children (mean age, 10 years) with severe atopic dermatitis received azathioprine in our department. Mean duration of treatment was 12 months (range, 1 to 38 months). Only 2 patients presented mild transient leukopenia that did not require treatment to be suspended.

Discussion

Our experience shows that, when adjusted to thiopurine methyltransferase activity, azathioprine is a safe drug for the treatment of children with severe atopic dermatitis. However, clinical trials should be performed to compare the risk-benefit ratios of the different immunosuppressants used to treat these patients.

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitis
Azathioprine
Thiopurine methyltransferase
Resumen
Introducción

Existe un pequeño número de casos de dermatitis atópica (DA) infantil donde la terapia tópica es insuficiente para el control de la enfermedad y es necesario el uso prolongado de agentes inmunosupresores sistémicos. En los últimos años el mejor conocimiento de las vías metabólicas implicadas en la catabolización de la azatioprina (AZT) parece ofrecernos un uso más seguro de este fármaco. Hemos evaluado la toxicidad de la AZT según los niveles de tiopurina metiltransferasa (TPMT) en niños con DA grave.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de los efectos secundarios de la AZT ajustada a los niveles de TPMT en menores de 14 años con DA que han sido tratados en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria. La evaluación de los efectos secundarios se realizó mediante controles analíticos con recuento leucocitario y de transaminasemia en la visita basal, al mes y cada tres meses durante el tratamiento.

Resultados

En los últimos 4 años, 7 niños (media de 10 años) con DA grave han recibido AZT en nuestro Servicio. La duración media del tratamiento fue de 12 meses (rango 1–38); sólo dos pacientes presentaron una leucopenia leve transitoria que no requirió la suspensión del tratamiento.

Discusión

Según nuestra experiencia la AZT, ajustada a los niveles de TPMT, se muestra como un fármaco seguro en el tratamiento de niños con DA grave, aunque son precisos ensayos clínicos que comparen la relación riesgo/beneficio entre los inmunosupresores empleados en estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Dermatitis atópica
Azatioprina
Tiopurina metiltransferasa
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