Review article
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Tattoos and Piercings
Reacciones Cutáneas Adversas por Tatuajes y Piercings
J. Mataix
, J.F. Silvestre
Corresponding author
mataixdiaz@hotmail.com
Correspondence: Javier Mataix, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario, Avda. Pintor Baeza, s/n., 03010 Alicante, Spain.
Correspondence: Javier Mataix, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario, Avda. Pintor Baeza, s/n., 03010 Alicante, Spain.
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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"apellidos" => "Silvestre" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Javier Mataix, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario, Avda. Pintor Baeza, s/n., 03010 Alicante, Spain." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Reacciones Cutáneas Adversas por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tatuajes y Piercings</span>" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaAceptado" => "2008-11-10" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84580" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "scarification" 1 => "implanting" 2 => "tattoo" 3 => "piercing" 4 => "pocketing" 5 => "cutaneous adverse reactions" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84579" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "escarificación" 1 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">implanting</span>" 2 => "tatuaje" 3 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">piercing</span>" 4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pocketing</span>" 5 => "reacciones cutáneas adversas" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Piercings and tattoos have become very popular in western society in recent decades, particularly among younger generations. Reports of medical complications associated with these decorative techniques have increased in parallel with the rise in their popularity. Due to their high frequency, adverse cutaneous reactions are particularly important among these potential complications. Tattoo-related complications include a number of cutaneous and systemic infections secondary to breach of the epidermal barrier, acute and delayed inflammatory reactions with different histopathological patterns, the appearance of benign and malignant tumors on tattooed areas of skin, and certain dermatoses triggered by isomorphic phenomena. Piercing-related complications are similar, though some, such as pyogenic skin infections, are much more common due to the delayed wound healing after piercing in certain sites. We must differentiate between complications that are independent of the site of piercing, and specific complications, which are closely related to the body area pierced. The rate of complications after performing piercings or tattoos depends on the experience of the artist, the hygiene techniques applied, and the postprocedural care by the customer. However, some of these complications are unpredictable and depend on factors intrinsic to the patient. In this article, we review the most common decorative techniques of body art, with particular focus on the potential cutaneous complications and their management.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En las últimas décadas, la realización de piercings y tatuajes se ha convertido en una práctica muy popular en los países occidentales, especialmente entre los más jóvenes. Paralelamente al auge de estas técnicas decorativas corporales, las comunicaciones acerca de complicaciones médicas asociadas han aumentado. De todas estas complicaciones potenciales destacan por su frecuencia las que afectan a la piel y mucosas. Las complicaciones asociadas a los tatuajes incluyen múltiples procesos infecciosos, cutáneos o sistémicos, debido a la ruptura de la barrera epidérmica, reacciones inflamatorias agudas y crónicas con diferentes patrones histológicos, la aparición de tumores benignos y malignos sobre áreas tatuadas o el brote de ciertas dermatosis por el fenómeno isomórfico. Las complicaciones asociadas a los <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">piercings</span> son similares, aunque algunas de ellas, como las piodermitis, son mucho más comunes debido al lento proceso de cicatrización de la perforación en determinadas localizaciones. Hemos de diferenciar entre las complicaciones que son independientes de la localización del piercing y de las complicaciones específicas, las cuales están estrechamente relacionadas con el área perforada. La tasa de complicaciones tras la realización de tatuajes y perforaciones depende de la experiencia del artista, de las condiciones higiénicas en las que tiene lugar y de los cuidados posteriores tras la realización de la técnica por parte del propio cliente. Sin embargo, algunas de estas complicaciones son impredecibles y dependen de factores intrínsecos del propio paciente. En este artículo revisamos las técnicas decorativas más frecuentes que abarca el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">body art</span>, con especial interés en sus posibles complicaciones cutáneas y en el manejo de éstas.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:119 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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